Variance Calculator

Find the sample or population variance of a list of numbers, with the mean and sum of squares.

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How to use this calculator

Enter your values. The result updates as you type; press Calculate to confirm and jump to the result on mobile. Use Share to send the calculator with your result.

Formula

σ² = Σ(x − μ)² ÷ N (population) s² = Σ(x − x̄)² ÷ (n − 1) (sample)

Variance is in squared units (for example cm²). Its square root, the standard deviation, is back in the original units. Example: 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 → mean 10, Σ = 40, sample variance 40 ÷ 4 = 10.

Frequently asked questions

Can variance be negative?

No. It is an average of squares, so it is 0 or more.

About this tool

Written by
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Reviewed by
Formula tests passed · human review pending
Last updated
31 Oct 2026

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