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Electron Configuration Calculator
Get the electron configuration of any element, in full and noble-gas notation, including the known exceptions like Cr and Cu.
Electronegativity Chart
Look up Pauling electronegativity values and predict whether a bond between two elements is nonpolar, polar or ionic.
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Pauling electronegativity chart
| Element | χ (Pauling) |
|---|---|
| 1 H · Hydrogen | 2.20 |
| 2 He · Helium | — |
| 3 Li · Lithium | 0.98 |
| 4 Be · Beryllium | 1.57 |
| 5 B · Boron | 2.04 |
| 6 C · Carbon | 2.55 |
| 7 N · Nitrogen | 3.04 |
| 8 O · Oxygen | 3.44 |
| 9 F · Fluorine | 3.98 |
| 10 Ne · Neon | — |
| 11 Na · Sodium | 0.93 |
| 12 Mg · Magnesium | 1.31 |
| 13 Al · Aluminium | 1.61 |
| 14 Si · Silicon | 1.90 |
| 15 P · Phosphorus | 2.19 |
| 16 S · Sulfur | 2.58 |
| 17 Cl · Chlorine | 3.16 |
| 18 Ar · Argon | — |
| 19 K · Potassium | 0.82 |
| 20 Ca · Calcium | 1.00 |
| 21 Sc · Scandium | 1.36 |
| 22 Ti · Titanium | 1.54 |
| 23 V · Vanadium | 1.63 |
| 24 Cr · Chromium | 1.66 |
| 25 Mn · Manganese | 1.55 |
| 26 Fe · Iron | 1.83 |
| 27 Co · Cobalt | 1.88 |
| 28 Ni · Nickel | 1.91 |
| 29 Cu · Copper | 1.90 |
| 30 Zn · Zinc | 1.65 |
| 31 Ga · Gallium | 1.81 |
| 32 Ge · Germanium | 2.01 |
| 33 As · Arsenic | 2.18 |
| 34 Se · Selenium | 2.55 |
| 35 Br · Bromine | 2.96 |
| 36 Kr · Krypton | 3.00 |
| 37 Rb · Rubidium | 0.82 |
| 38 Sr · Strontium | 0.95 |
| 39 Y · Yttrium | 1.22 |
| 40 Zr · Zirconium | 1.33 |
| 41 Nb · Niobium | 1.60 |
| 42 Mo · Molybdenum | 2.16 |
| 43 Tc · Technetium | 1.90 |
| 44 Ru · Ruthenium | 2.20 |
| 45 Rh · Rhodium | 2.28 |
| 46 Pd · Palladium | 2.20 |
| 47 Ag · Silver | 1.93 |
| 48 Cd · Cadmium | 1.69 |
| 49 In · Indium | 1.78 |
| 50 Sn · Tin | 1.96 |
| 51 Sb · Antimony | 2.05 |
| 52 Te · Tellurium | 2.10 |
| 53 I · Iodine | 2.66 |
| 54 Xe · Xenon | 2.60 |
| 55 Cs · Caesium | 0.79 |
| 56 Ba · Barium | 0.89 |
| 57 La · Lanthanum | 1.10 |
| 58 Ce · Cerium | 1.12 |
| 59 Pr · Praseodymium | 1.13 |
| 60 Nd · Neodymium | 1.14 |
| 61 Pm · Promethium | — |
| 62 Sm · Samarium | 1.17 |
| 63 Eu · Europium | — |
| 64 Gd · Gadolinium | 1.20 |
| 65 Tb · Terbium | 1.10 |
| 66 Dy · Dysprosium | 1.22 |
| 67 Ho · Holmium | 1.23 |
| 68 Er · Erbium | 1.24 |
| 69 Tm · Thulium | 1.25 |
| 70 Yb · Ytterbium | — |
| 71 Lu · Lutetium | 1.27 |
| 72 Hf · Hafnium | 1.30 |
| 73 Ta · Tantalum | 1.50 |
| 74 W · Tungsten | 2.36 |
| 75 Re · Rhenium | 1.90 |
| 76 Os · Osmium | 2.20 |
| 77 Ir · Iridium | 2.20 |
| 78 Pt · Platinum | 2.28 |
| 79 Au · Gold | 2.54 |
| 80 Hg · Mercury | 2.00 |
| 81 Tl · Thallium | 1.62 |
| 82 Pb · Lead | 2.33 |
| 83 Bi · Bismuth | 2.02 |
| 84 Po · Polonium | 2.00 |
| 85 At · Astatine | 2.20 |
| 86 Rn · Radon | — |
| 87 Fr · Francium | — |
| 88 Ra · Radium | 0.90 |
| 89 Ac · Actinium | 1.10 |
| 90 Th · Thorium | 1.30 |
| 91 Pa · Protactinium | 1.50 |
| 92 U · Uranium | 1.38 |
| 93 Np · Neptunium | 1.36 |
| 94 Pu · Plutonium | 1.28 |
| 95 Am · Americium | 1.30 |
| 96 Cm · Curium | 1.30 |
| 97 Bk · Berkelium | — |
| 98 Cf · Californium | — |
| 99 Es · Einsteinium | — |
| 100 Fm · Fermium | — |
| 101 Md · Mendelevium | — |
| 102 No · Nobelium | — |
| 103 Lr · Lawrencium | — |
| 104 Rf · Rutherfordium | — |
| 105 Db · Dubnium | — |
| 106 Sg · Seaborgium | — |
| 107 Bh · Bohrium | — |
| 108 Hs · Hassium | — |
| 109 Mt · Meitnerium | — |
| 110 Ds · Darmstadtium | — |
| 111 Rg · Roentgenium | — |
| 112 Cn · Copernicium | — |
| 113 Nh · Nihonium | — |
| 114 Fl · Flerovium | — |
| 115 Mc · Moscovium | — |
| 116 Lv · Livermorium | — |
| 117 Ts · Tennessine | — |
| 118 Og · Oganesson | — |
Electronegativity measures how strongly an atom attracts shared electrons. Fluorine is the highest (3.98); values rise across a period and fall down a group. Noble gases mostly have no value. Source: Pauling values as tabulated from the CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics.
Frequently asked questions
Which element has the highest electronegativity?
Fluorine, 3.98 on the Pauling scale.
About this tool
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- Last updated
- 31 Oct 2026
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